At the end of January 2022, approved by State Council, National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC) and the National Energy Administration (NEA) issued the Opinions on Improving Institutional Mechanisms and Policy Measures for Green and Low-Carbon Energy Transition (the Opinions). Officials from NEA answered the questions regarding the measures to implement the Opinions.

We have noticed that the Opinions is a comprehensive policy document issued in the energy sector as part of the "1+N" policy framework for achieving carbon peaking and carbon neutrality. Could you please explain the considerations for issuing the Opinions at this particular point in time?

China’s President Xi Jinping pointed out that it is a strategic decision to achieve carbon peaking and carbon neutrality. It is also an inherent requirement for implementing the new development philosophy, building a new development pattern, and promoting high-quality development. Since emissions from energy production and consumption account for a relatively high proportion in China's total carbon dioxide emissions, advancing the green and low-carbon energy transition is the key to achieving the dual carbon goals. However, some deficiencies in the current energy mechanisms and policies are as follows, the awareness of transition to green energy consumption needs to be increased the increasing risks of supply security in energy transitionthe inadequate infrastructure to accommodate the large-scale development of renewable energy the insufficient capability for indigenous innovation in critical areas the incomplete energy market system coordination mechanism for energy management needs to be improved and the relatively weak policy support in areas such as investment and financing. Therefore, a systematic and comprehensive approach is needed to plan the institutional mechanisms and policy measures for the green and low-carbon energy transition from a top-level design perspective. The Opinions serves as one of the important safeguard measures within the "1+N" policy framework for achieving carbon peaking and carbon neutrality. It is a concrete implementation of the Opinions of the Central Committee of the CPC and the State Council on Carbon Peaking and Carbon Neutrality in Full and Faithful Implementation of the New Development Philosophy and the Action Plan for Carbon Peaking by 2030 in the energy sector. The Opinions will be implemented in synergy with the series of carbon peaking policies, to systematically advance the green and low-carbon energy transition.

Please briefly introduce the overall ideas of the Opinions regarding the promotion of green and low-carbon energy transition, and explain the considerations behind such arrangements.

As a comprehensive policy document for achieving the dual carbon targets, the Opinions follows a systematic approach to develop green and low-carbon energy, from the perspectives on the reform and innovation of institutional mechanisms and policy guarantees. It highlights four aspects of coordination.

First, it emphasizes the coordinated advancement of energy strategic planning. The Opinions points out that all provincial-level energy plans should specify the goals and tasks of green and low-carbon energy transition. A national monitoring, evaluation, and assessment mechanism for the transition will be established. The Opinions proposes establishing inter-departmental and inter-regional coordination mechanisms for energy security and development. The mechanisms focus on the construction of energy transmission channels, as well as on achieving coordinated efforts between energy development, national spatial planning, and ecological and environmental protection. Ledgers of major projects will be established annually, and supervision and coordination will be strengthened to ensure the orderly and smooth progress of national energy strategy and construction of major projects.

Second, it emphasizes the coordination between energy transition and energy security. The Opinions requires to promote the green and low-carbon transition without compromising the energy security. On one hand, China needs to refine mechanisms for clean and efficient development and utilization of fossil fuels, as well as to promote the orderly construction of a new power system which is dominated by renewable energy. On the other hand, the Opinions aims to enhance China’s energy security and supply, with better energy forecasting and early warning mechanisms, safe operation and comprehensive defense systems for the power system, and system for energy supply security and emergency reserves.

Third, it emphasizes the coordinated transition of production and consumption. On the consumption side, with priority on energy conservation, China needs to improve energy consumption and carbon emissions management systems, and establish mechanisms to promote green energy consumption with specific policy measures in industrial, construction, and transportation sectors. On the production side, it aims to establish new green-oriented mechanisms for energy development and utilization, conducts comprehensive surveys and evaluations of clean and low-carbon energy resources and integrates the results with the national land and spatial information platform. Each area should develop and use local clean and low-carbon energy first, and actively bring in from other areas when needed.

Fourth, it emphasizes the coordinated transition of various market entities. The Opinions proposes strengthening mechanism guarantees and policy guidance to stimulate the market entities transition. On one hand, it aims to create a favorable environment for emerging market entities, by accelerating electricity system reforms, deepening the reform of "Streamlining Administration, Delegating Power, and improving regulation and services" (SADP) in the energy sector, optimizing the approval and filing process for clean and low-carbon energy projects, and removing obstacles that hinder market competition. On the other hand, it seeks to improve the assessment mechanisms for natural monopoly enterprises in the power grid and the oil and gas pipeline networks, focusing on assessing their performance in energy supply security, technological innovation, and ecological environmental protection.

How will the Opinions improve the related institutional and policy system to guide and upgrade China’s green energy consumption?

Green consumption is crucial for the green and low-carbon energy transition. The "Opinions" propose a comprehensive institutional and policy system to promote green energy consumption from the following three main aspects,

First, improving the management system for energy consumption, carbon emissions, and non-fossil energy target. In terms of energy consumption and carbon emissions, it is important to strengthen the management of binding indicators for energy intensity and flexibility in energy consumption control. Incremental renewable energy and raw material consumption will not be included in the total energy consumption control. Different regions should have reasonable target-settings for energy intensity reduction, consistent with the dual carbon targets. In terms of implementing non-fossil energy targets, the national targets for the development and utilization of renewable energy should be reasonably allocated to provinces. Mechanisms will be improved to ensure the facilitated consumption of electricity from renewable energy. The objective is to establish a coordinated implementation mechanism to promote the development and utilization of renewable energy and achieve non-fossil energy targets.

Second, establishing mechanisms to promote green energy consumption. It requires profound changes in energy consumption sector, and push for the green transition of energy consumption structure. The "Opinions" aims at driving the green transition of production side by increasing consumers’ green energy preference. The specific measures include establishing green energy consumption certification, promoting the substitution of electricity with green alternatives, and improving the trading of green electricity certificates. The mechanism to promote green energy consumption will provide zero-or-low-carbon pathways for green factories, parks and communities, and help to gain widespread social acceptance.

Third, promoting the transition of energy consumption in key industries, such as industrial, construction and transportation. Supportive policies on feed-in tarrif, trading of distributed generation, and land space guarantees will be proposed to promote the end-use decarbonization and electrification.

In the industrial sector, efforts will be made to encourage renewable energy projects to provide power to nearby industrial parks or enterprises through innovative power transmission and operation methods, and support companies to buy green electricity through the electricity market. In the construction sector, ultra-low energy consumption and low-carbon buildings should be scaled up. In areas with suitable conditions, reforms in heating measurement will be advanced, and support will be provided for the construction of renewable energy supply systems, and the integration of photovoltaics with buildings will be encouraged. In the transportation sector, efforts will be made to promote the electrification of high-capacity public transportation and the adoption of clean energy transportation vehicles such as electric, hydrogen, advanced biofuels, and natural gas. The layout and service facilities for charging, hydrogen refueling, and gas (LNG) stations will be improved, with support provided in terms of land space and other aspects.

To achieve the "dual carbon" goals, what specific policy measures does the Opinions have for building a diversified and clean energy supply system on the energy supply side?

The Opinions is based on China's energy resource endowment, adheres to the principles of “developing something new before discarding something old”and comprehensive planning. It aims to systematically proposes institutional mechanisms and policy measures to support the green and low-carbon transition of the energy supply side.

First, the Opinions emphasizes the structural transition to an energy supply system dominated by the renewables. On one hand, China will accelerate to develop large-scale and solar PV power bases, where existing coal-fired power units should be upgrade to provide supporting regulation capacity. Simultaneously, the country needs to push for a system facilitating more renewable energy consumption, by regulating the transmission from both supply and consumption sides. On the other hand, the “Opinions” encourages each area to use local renewable energy, and actively bring in from other areas when needed. Feed-in-tariff for distributed renewable energy is required to be improved. All these measures help to reshape the energy production and consumption pattern, as fossil stocks will be phased out with renewables as the source of newly added energy demand. 

Second, The Opinions emphasizes on the clean utilization of fossil fuels and the reductions of its pollution and emissions. For a considerable period, China energy mix will remain coal-dominated. A long-term mechanism for the green and intelligent development of coal mines should be established, with comprehensive utilization policies for resources such as coal gangue and mine water. Mechanisms and policies to promote ultra-low emission transformation, flexibility improvement, and heating transformation of coal-fired power units will be enhanced. Captive coal-fired power plants are encouraged to bear their fair share of social responsibility. Efforts will be intensified to expedite the transition of coal-fired power toward an equal emphasis on fundamental power supply guarantee and system regulation. Besides, the clean and efficient exploitation of oil and gas will be enhanced, and collaborative development mechanisms will be improved for oil and gas with geothermal, wind, solar, and other energy sources.

Third, building the energy infrastructure, such as grids and pipelines, that adapt to the green and low-carbon transition. In terms of electricity, efforts will focus on a new type of power system with better top-level design. Adaptability assessments for green development will be conducted for existing power systems to level up its technology and system. The grid system will be improved to facilitate the localized utilization and wide-area transmission of renewable energy. Overall optimization of transmission networks and power system operations will be carried out, while mechanisms for flexible power source construction and operation and power demand response will be enhanced to improve the transmission and consumption capacity of renewable energy electricity. In the oil and gas sector, with the premises on safety, clean fuels will be able to transmitted through oil and gas pipelines, such as hydrogen blending in gas pipelines. The construction of integrated energy service stations that integrate traditional refueling stations, gas stations, and hydrogen refueling stations will be encouraged. In emerging sectors such as integrated energy, it explores the operation of regional comprehensive energy systems by multiple entities in the same market, encourages support from grid enterprises and gas supply companies for comprehensive energy service operators.

The Opinions has made systematic arrangements in strengthening clean and low-carbon energy production factors and reducing non-technical costs. How will the relevant policy measures be specifically implemented?

To achieve breakthroughs and overcome path dependence, strong policy support and guidance are needed. The Opinion puts forward policies that are conducive to the green and low-carbon energy transition, regarding land use, financing, taxation, pricing, and data resources. These policies aim to channel the production factors such as land, capital, and data into the field of clean energy, and accelerate the green and low-carbon transition.

First, China needs to optimize spatial planning for renewable energy development. The Opinions proposes to establish a spatial management mechanism and improve the classification guidance, to address the challenges of mixed land use and coordination difficulties. Besides, it also requires strict and lawful collection of taxes related to energy development on land or at sea, in order to create a favorable environment for clean and low-carbon energy.

Second, the Opinions emphasizes on increasing investment and financing support. On the one hand, it calls for improving diversified investment and financing mechanism for energy transition. Central budget investments should be increased to support energy projects with great contributions to carbon reduction. Local government special bonds are encouraged to cover major renewable energy projects that meet the requirements. . It also leverages the leading role of the National Green Development Fund, real estate investment trust funds (REITs), and other financial instruments. On the other hand, it calls for improving financial support for the green and low-carbon energy transition. Financial institutes should take into consideration of the growth potentiality of related industrial chains and their contributions to dual carbon targets, while rating and making load approvals for renewable companies. The Opinions also proposes to innovates green financial products tailored to the characteristics of clean and low-carbon energy.

Third, it focuses on improving pricing policies. For green energy consumption in industrial sector, it proposes to cut cross subsidization and system standby fees for power generation using waste heat, pressure, and gas. For green energy use and clean heating in buildings, it encourages enterprises and individuals to get off-peak price by using electric heating. Peak pricing, residential tiered electricity rates, and transmission and distribution pricing mechanism could be also supportive in comprehensive application. For the development of distributed energy, it proposes to improve pricing policies that support self-generation for self-consumption and market trading. For construction of energy storage and power regulation, it suggests improving electricity pricing policies for energy storage applications, and enhancing the price compensation mechanisms for the operation of regulation power coming from flexible coal-fired power units, natural gas peak-regulation units, and solar thermal power generation and energy storage. 

Fourth, it highlights the importance of data support in energy sector. The Opinions suggests to conduct detailed surveys and comprehensive evaluations of clean and low-carbon energy resources nationwide. The aim is to dynamically update the national database of renewable energy. Efforts will be made to establish a national energy infrastructure information and sharing platform, integrating information across the entire value chain of energy industry, and promoting the digital economy in the energy sector. Additionally, capabilities in renewable energy-related meteorological observations, resource assessments, and forecasting techniques should be further improved.

What is the overall direction of the Opinions in deepening energy reform and innovation and stimulating market vitality?

The Opinions proposes a series of measures to adapt to the energy governance system and capacity building for green energy transition. It focuses on deepening the reform of the energy system to improve its operation efficiency and resource allocation, by fully leveraging the decisive role of the market in resource allocation while playing the government role better.

First, accelerating the development of the electricity market. This process aims to develop green and low-carbon electricity through market-oriented means, including, the establishment of a unified national electricity market system, the expedited construction of auxiliary service markets for electricity, improved connections between medium-long term and spot and auxiliary service transactions of electricity, exploration of capacity market trading mechanisms, deepening reforms in key areas such as transmission and distribution.

The pricing mechanism between provinces and regions is refined to facilitate the wider integration of renewable energy.

Second, the Opinions outlines specific policies and mechanisms for localized market-based trading of distributed generation as follows, supporting the trading of distributed generation (including energy storage, electric vehicles and ships) through electricity trading platforms among power users within the same distribution network, providing technical support for transmission, metering, and transaction settlement by grid companies (including incremental distribution network enterprises) and refining pricing policies and market rules that support market-based trading of distributed generation.

Third, it utilizes market-oriented approaches for green transition on the demand side. The Opinions proposes to push for the establishment of a national market covering carbon emission trading, energy-use rights trading, and green electricity trading. Improvements are made to the electricity trading mechanisms that prioritize the utilization of renewable energy, pilot projects for green electricity trading are conducted, and long-term power purchase agreements are encouraged between renewable energy generators and power users or power supply companies. Independent participation in electricity trading is supported for emerging market entities such as microgrids, distributed power resources, energy storage, and load aggregators.

Fourth, China will deepen the SADP reform in the energy sector, which means implementation of the negative list system for market access, optimization of approval and filing procedures for clean and low-carbon energy projects, simplification of management procedures for distributed energy investment and innovation of construction and management mechanisms for integrated energy service projects. Grid companies are required to enhance their power integration from eligible renewable energy and/or distributed generation projects. Also, they need to disclose the dynamic information on capacity for renewable connection in their operating areas, and provide inquiries.

The Opinions proposes to improve the innovation and incentive mechanisms in the energy sector，especially the innovation capability of core technologies. Please introduce the relevant policy measures.

The green and low-carbon energy transition not only requires industrial restructuring but also relies on innovation of energy technology. The Opinions aims to improve the top-level design, the technology innovation and incentive mechanisms in the energy sector. Indisputably, core technologies innovation is the driving force for green energy transition.

First, it establishes a collaborative innovation system for major clean and low-carbon energy technologies. The Opinions supports leading enterprises in the industry to jointly establish national energy research and innovation platforms with universities, research institutes, and industry upstream and downstream enterprises, with the guidance of nation’s strategic forces on science and technology such as national energy laboratories. The platforms will advance collaborative researches on critical technologies of basic parts and components, basic software, basic materials, and basic techniques in the energy sector, and implement collaborative innovation researches on major energy technologies.

Second, it establishes a collaborative innovation mechanism for the production chain and supply chain of clean and low-carbon energy the Opinions proposes relying on major energy projects such as large-scale new energy bases to promote collaborative R&D, manufacturing, and application of advanced technologies and equipment among upstream and downstream enterprises, thus forming advanced technologies and industrial capabilities through engineering integration. To improve the public technical support system for technological innovation and industrial development in China, the Opinions proposes to improve the service platforms for renewable technology innovation, and promote in-depth integration of scientific and technological service industries such as R&D design, metrology testing, inspection and certification, and intellectual property services with renewable industry. In addition, the Opinions suggests to establish mechanisms for evaluation, conversion, and promotion of clean and low-carbon energy technological achievements.

Third, it improves incentive policies for technological innovation in green and low-carbon energy transition. To fully stimulate the innovation vitality of various market entities, the Opinions proposes exploring market-oriented ways to attract social capital for funding strategic renewable technology researches and demonstration projects. It also suggests organizing major key technology breakthroughs with methods like open competition, and improving policies that support the demonstration and application of the first set of advanced energy technology equipment.

The green energy transition in rural areas is an inherent requirement to meet the people's demand for a better life and an important component of building a modern energy system. It is of significant importance to consolidate and expand the achievements in poverty alleviation, achieve dual carbon goals, and advance agricultural and rural modernization. What are the important measures proposed in the Opinions regarding the integration of green energy transition in rural areas with rural revitalization?

The green and low-carbon energy transition in rural areas is not only an important component of the overall green energy transition, but also a crucial pathway to drive rural revitalization. The Opinions proposes a series of measures involving policy support, mechanism innovation, and localized trading of renewable energy generation, to support rural revitalization with accelerated green energy transition in rural areas.

First, innovative mechanisms for the development and utilization of renewable energy in rural areas are encouraged. The Opinions suggests that rural areas could develop decentralized wind power and distributed solar pv projects, and develop investment and operation models featuring unified planning, decentralized layout, cooperation between agricultural enterprises, and shared benefits. Rural collective economic organizations are encouraged to invest and operate renewable energy projects through buying shares with land tenure, forming joint ventures, and other legal means. These innovations not only open up the potential of decentralized and distributed renewable energy, but also give a major impetus to rural revitalization.

Second, enhanced policy support is emphasized. The Opinions proposes that central fiscal funds be further directed towards energy infrastructure construction in rural areas. Existing funding channels should be used to support the rural energy supply infrastructure, winter clean heating in northern regions, and building energy efficiency. Policy support will be given to the utilization of biomass energy, including large-scale biogas, bio-natural gas, and solid biofuels, as well as geothermal energy. Companies are encouraged to level up rural power grids. Financial institutions are encouraged to provide financial support to renewable energy projects. These supportive policies will foster strong synergies in promoting the utilization of clean energy in rural areas, improving energy conditions, and driving rural revitalization.

Third, localized trading of renewable energy is supported. The Opinions proposes strengthening innovations in rural grid technologies, operations, and electricity trading methods. The aim is to provide low-cost green energy for public and domestic energy needs in rural areas as well as industries related to rural revitalization. Priority is given to the grid connections of distributed solar pv, biogas power and other biomass power generation, which are suggested to be purchased by grid companies. Leveled-up rural grid facilities and localized trading mechanisms will help to promote pilot projects in country-level network. These policy measures will create favorable conditions for the local production and consumption of clean energy in rural areas and reduce energy costs.

The Opinions proposes the establishment of a comprehensive system addressing both green energy transition and energy security. Could you please introduce how this system will help ensure stability and security of energy supply?

The premise for the green and low-carbon transition is to ensure energy security. The Opinions promotes the transition in an orderly manner while ensuring energy security.

First, it highlights strategic coordination and strengthened accountability. A coordination mechanism for energy security and development across departments and regions will be established, in order to coordinate the construction of cross-regional energy transmission channels, reserves, and other infrastructure. Furthermore, the Opinions proposes to improve the assessment mechanism for natural monopoly enterprises such as power grids, oil and gas pipelines, etc., with a focus on evaluating their performance in ensuring energy supply, technological innovation, and ecological and environmental protection.

Second, it emphasizes risk identification and highlights that carbon cuts must happen in a secure and orderly manner. The Opinions proposes the establishment of an energy prediction and early warning mechanism, information systems covering the whole energy industry chain, and a joint response mechanism for extreme weather events. It points out the importance of coal as the primary energy source in China's energy endowment and calls for an accelerated transition of coal-fired power toward an equal emphasis on fundamental power supply guarantee and system peak regulation.

Third, it focuses on improving institutional mechanisms. On one hand, it proposes the establishment of a comprehensive system that prioritizes both green energy transition and energy supply security. On the other hand, it promotes the inclusion of demand-side adjustable resources into power load balancing, utilizing its capacities for peak shaving and power supply-demand balance. Additionally, it calls for improved price compensation mechanisms to support the operation of regulating power sources, such as flexible coal-fired power units, natural gas peak load adjustment units, hydropower, solar thermal power, and energy storage.

What more needs to be done in the implementation of the Opinions? What is the plan?

In the next phase, NDRC and NEA will work with relevant departments to collectively and effectively implement the policies and measures outlined in the Opinions, ensuring positive results in the green and low-carbon energy transition.

First, efforts will be accelerated to improve the policy framework for green and low-carbon energy transition. Clear division of tasks will be established, and policies and measures will be further refined based on the mechanisms promoting the energy transition, facilitating coordinated and orderly actions by all parties involved.

Second, pilot demonstrations will be organized. Support will be provided to eligible regions, key industries, and enterprises to actively explore and carry out pilot projects, aiming to establish replicable and scalable effective models that can provide valuable experience to realize energy transition within the designated timeframe.

Third, policy evaluation and dynamic adjustments will be strengthened. NDRC, NEA and relevant departments will closely monitor and regularly assess the progress of work in various regions and sectors. Policy implementation evaluations will be conducted, and dynamic adjustments will be made based on the implementation status.

Source: National Development and Reform Commission of the People's Republic of China (NDRC)

Annex:

国家发展改革委 国家能源局

关于完善能源绿色低碳转型体制机制和政策措施的意见

发改能源〔2022〕206号

各省、自治区、直辖市人民政府，新疆生产建设兵团，国务院有关部门，有关中央企业，有关行业协会：

能源生产和消费相关活动是最主要的二氧化碳排放源，大力推动能源领域碳减排是做好碳达峰碳中和工作，以及加快构建现代能源体系的重要举措。党的十八大以来，各地区、各有关部门围绕能源绿色低碳发展制定了一系列政策措施，推动太阳能、风能、水能、生物质能、地热能等清洁能源开发利用取得了明显成效，但现有的体制机制、政策体系、治理方式等仍然面临一些困难和挑战，难以适应新形势下推进能源绿色低碳转型的需要。为深入贯彻落实《中共中央、国务院关于完整准确全面贯彻新发展理念做好碳达峰碳中和工作的意见》和《2030年前碳达峰行动方案》有关要求，经国务院同意，现就完善能源绿色低碳转型的体制机制和政策措施提出以下意见。

一、总体要求

（一）指导思想。

  以习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想为指导，全面贯彻党的十九大和十九届历次全会精神，深入贯彻习近平生态文明思想，坚持稳中求进工作总基调，立足新发展阶段，完整、准确、全面贯彻新发展理念，构建新发展格局，深入推动能源消费革命、供给革命、技术革命、体制革命，全方位加强国际合作，从国情实际出发，统筹发展与安全、稳增长和调结构，深化能源领域体制机制改革创新，加快构建清洁低碳、安全高效的能源体系，促进能源高质量发展和经济社会发展全面绿色转型，为科学有序推动如期实现碳达峰、碳中和目标和建设现代化经济体系提供保障。

（二）基本原则。

——坚持系统观念、统筹推进。加强顶层设计，发挥制度优势，处理好发展和减排、整体和局部、短期和中长期的关系，处理好转型各阶段不同能源品种之间的互补、协调、替代关系，推动煤炭和新能源优化组合，统筹推进全国及各地区能源绿色低碳转型。

——坚持保障安全、有序转型。在保障能源安全的前提下有序推进能源绿色低碳转型，先立后破，坚持全国“一盘棋”，加强转型中的风险识别和管控。在加快形成清洁低碳能源可靠供应能力基础上，逐步对化石能源进行安全可靠替代。

——坚持创新驱动、集约高效。完善能源领域创新体系和激励机制，提升关键核心技术创新能力。贯彻节约优先方针，着力降低单位产出资源消耗和碳排放，增强能源系统运行和资源配置效率，提高经济社会综合效益。加快形成减污降碳的激励约束机制。

——坚持市场主导、政府引导。深化能源领域体制改革，充分发挥市场在资源配置中的决定性作用，构建公平开放、有效竞争的能源市场体系。更好发挥政府作用，在规划引领、政策扶持、市场监管等方面加强引导，营造良好的发展环境。

（三）主要目标。

 “十四五”时期，基本建立推进能源绿色低碳发展的制度框架，形成比较完善的政策、标准、市场和监管体系，构建以能耗“双控”和非化石能源目标制度为引领的能源绿色低碳转型推进机制。到2030年，基本建立完整的能源绿色低碳发展基本制度和政策体系，形成非化石能源既基本满足能源需求增量又规模化替代化石能源存量、能源安全保障能力得到全面增强的能源生产消费格局。

二、完善国家能源战略和规划实施的协同推进机制

（四）强化能源战略和规划的引导约束作用。以国家能源战略为导向，强化国家能源规划的统领作用，各省（自治区、直辖市）结合国家能源规划部署和当地实际制定本地区能源规划，明确能源绿色低碳转型的目标和任务，在规划编制及实施中加强各能源品种之间、产业链上下游之间、区域之间的协同互济，整体提高能源绿色低碳转型和供应安全保障水平。加强能源规划实施监测评估，健全规划动态调整机制。

（五）建立能源绿色低碳转型监测评价机制。重点监测评价各地区能耗强度、能源消费总量、非化石能源及可再生能源消费比重、能源消费碳排放系数等指标，评估能源绿色低碳转型相关机制、政策的执行情况和实际效果。完善能源绿色低碳发展考核机制，按照国民经济和社会发展规划纲要、年度计划及能源规划等确定的能源相关约束性指标，强化相关考核。鼓励各地区通过区域协作或开展可再生能源电力消纳量交易等方式，满足国家规定的可再生能源消费最低比重等指标要求。

（六）健全能源绿色低碳转型组织协调机制。国家能源委员会统筹协调能源绿色低碳转型相关战略、发展规划、行动方案和政策体系等。建立跨部门、跨区域的能源安全与发展协调机制，协调开展跨省跨区电力、油气等能源输送通道及储备等基础设施和安全体系建设，加强能源领域规划、重大工程与国土空间规划以及生态环境保护等专项规划衔接，及时研究解决实施中的问题。按年度建立能源绿色低碳转型和安全保障重大政策实施、重大工程建设台账，完善督导协调机制。

三、完善引导绿色能源消费的制度和政策体系

（七）完善能耗“双控”和非化石能源目标制度。坚持把节约能源资源放在首位，强化能耗强度降低约束性指标管理，有效增强能源消费总量管理弹性，新增可再生能源和原料用能不纳入能源消费总量控制，合理确定各地区能耗强度降低目标，加强能耗“双控”政策与碳达峰、碳中和目标任务的衔接。逐步建立能源领域碳排放控制机制。制修订重点用能行业单位产品能耗限额强制性国家标准，组织对重点用能企业落实情况进行监督检查。研究制定重点行业、重点产品碳排放核算方法。统筹考虑各地区可再生能源资源状况、开发利用条件和经济发展水平等，将全国可再生能源开发利用中长期总量及最低比重目标科学分解到各省（自治区、直辖市）实施，完善可再生能源电力消纳保障机制。推动地方建立健全用能预算管理制度，探索开展能耗产出效益评价。加强顶层设计和统筹协调，加快建设全国碳排放权交易市场、用能权交易市场、绿色电力交易市场。

（八）建立健全绿色能源消费促进机制。推进统一的绿色产品认证与标识体系建设，建立绿色能源消费认证机制，推动各类社会组织采信认证结果。建立电能替代推广机制，通过完善相关标准等加强对电能替代的技术指导。完善和推广绿色电力证书交易，促进绿色电力消费。鼓励全社会优先使用绿色能源和采购绿色产品及服务，公共机构应当作出表率。各地区应结合本地实际，采用先进能效和绿色能源消费标准，大力宣传节能及绿色消费理念，深入开展绿色生活创建行动。鼓励有条件的地方开展高水平绿色能源消费示范建设，在全社会倡导节约用能。

（九）完善工业领域绿色能源消费支持政策。引导工业企业开展清洁能源替代，降低单位产品碳排放，鼓励具备条件的企业率先形成低碳、零碳能源消费模式。鼓励建设绿色用能产业园区和企业，发展工业绿色微电网，支持在自有场所开发利用清洁低碳能源，建设分布式清洁能源和智慧能源系统，对余热余压余气等综合利用发电减免交叉补贴和系统备用费，完善支持自发自用分布式清洁能源发电的价格政策。在符合电力规划布局和电网安全运行条件的前提下，鼓励通过创新电力输送及运行方式实现可再生能源电力项目就近向产业园区或企业供电，鼓励产业园区或企业通过电力市场购买绿色电力。鼓励新兴重点用能领域以绿色能源为主满足用能需求并对余热余压余气等进行充分利用。

（十）完善建筑绿色用能和清洁取暖政策。提升建筑节能标准，推动超低能耗建筑、低碳建筑规模化发展，推进和支持既有建筑节能改造，积极推广使用绿色建材，健全建筑能耗限额管理制度。完善建筑可再生能源应用标准，鼓励光伏建筑一体化应用，支持利用太阳能、地热能和生物质能等建设可再生能源建筑供能系统。在具备条件的地区推进供热计量改革和供热设施智能化建设，鼓励按热量收费，鼓励电供暖企业和用户通过电力市场获得低谷时段低价电力，综合运用峰谷电价、居民阶梯电价和输配电价机制等予以支持。落实好支持北方地区农村冬季清洁取暖的供气价格政策。

（十一）完善交通运输领域能源清洁替代政策。推进交通运输绿色低碳转型，优化交通运输结构，推行绿色低碳交通设施装备。推行大容量电气化公共交通和电动、氢能、先进生物液体燃料、天然气等清洁能源交通工具，完善充换电、加氢、加气（LNG）站点布局及服务设施，降低交通运输领域清洁能源用能成本。对交通供能场站布局和建设在土地空间等方面予以支持，开展多能融合交通供能场站建设，推进新能源汽车与电网能量互动试点示范，推动车桩、船岸协同发展。对利用铁路沿线、高速公路服务区等建设新能源设施的，鼓励对同一省级区域内的项目统一规划、统一实施、统一核准（备案）。

四、建立绿色低碳为导向的能源开发利用新机制

（十二）建立清洁低碳能源资源普查和信息共享机制。结合资源禀赋、土地用途、生态保护、国土空间规划等情况，以市（县）级行政区域为基本单元，全面开展全国清洁低碳能源资源详细勘查和综合评价，精准识别可开发清洁低碳能源资源并进行数据整合，完善并动态更新全国清洁低碳能源资源数据库。加强与国土空间基础信息平台的衔接，及时将各类清洁低碳能源资源分布等空间信息纳入同级国土空间基础信息平台和国土空间规划“一张图”，并以适当方式与地方各级政府、企业、行业协会和研究机构等共享。提高可再生能源相关气象观测、资源评价以及预测预报技术能力，为可再生能源资源普查、项目开发和电力系统运行提供支撑。构建国家能源基础信息及共享平台，整合能源全产业链信息，推动能源领域数字经济发展。

（十三）推动构建以清洁低碳能源为主体的能源供应体系。以沙漠、戈壁、荒漠地区为重点，加快推进大型风电、光伏发电基地建设，对区域内现有煤电机组进行升级改造，探索建立送受两端协同为新能源电力输送提供调节的机制，支持新能源电力能建尽建、能并尽并、能发尽发。各地区按照国家能源战略和规划及分领域规划，统筹考虑本地区能源需求和清洁低碳能源资源等情况，在省级能源规划总体框架下，指导并组织制定市（县）级清洁低碳能源开发利用、区域能源供应相关实施方案。各地区应当统筹考虑本地区能源需求及可开发资源量等，按就近原则优先开发利用本地清洁低碳能源资源，根据需要积极引入区域外的清洁低碳能源，形成优先通过清洁低碳能源满足新增用能需求并逐渐替代存量化石能源的能源生产消费格局。鼓励各地区建设多能互补、就近平衡、以清洁低碳能源为主体的新型能源系统。

（十四）创新农村可再生能源开发利用机制。在农村地区优先支持屋顶分布式光伏发电以及沼气发电等生物质能发电接入电网，电网企业等应当优先收购其发电量。鼓励利用农村地区适宜分散开发风电、光伏发电的土地，探索统一规划、分散布局、农企合作、利益共享的可再生能源项目投资经营模式。鼓励农村集体经济组织依法以土地使用权入股、联营等方式与专业化企业共同投资经营可再生能源发电项目，鼓励金融机构按照市场化、法治化原则为可再生能源发电项目提供融资支持。加大对农村电网建设的支持力度，组织电网企业完善农村电网。加强农村电网技术、运行和电力交易方式创新，支持新能源电力就近交易，为农村公益性和生活用能以及乡村振兴相关产业提供低成本绿色能源。完善规模化沼气、生物天然气、成型燃料等生物质能和地热能开发利用扶持政策和保障机制。

（十五）建立清洁低碳能源开发利用的国土空间管理机制。围绕做好碳达峰碳中和工作，统筹考虑清洁低碳能源开发以及能源输送、储存等基础设施用地用海需求。完善能源项目建设用地分类指导政策，调整优化可再生能源开发用地用海要求，制定利用沙漠、戈壁、荒漠土地建设可再生能源发电工程的土地支持政策，完善核电、抽水蓄能厂（场）址保护制度并在国土空间规划中予以保障，在国土空间规划中统筹考虑输电通道、油气管道走廊用地需求，建立健全土地相关信息共享与协同管理机制。严格依法规范能源开发涉地（涉海）税费征收。符合条件的海上风电等可再生能源项目可按规定申请减免海域使用金。鼓励在风电等新能源开发建设中推广应用节地技术和节地模式。

五、完善新型电力系统建设和运行机制

（十六）加强新型电力系统顶层设计。推动电力来源清洁化和终端能源消费电气化，适应新能源电力发展需要制定新型电力系统发展战略和总体规划，鼓励各类企业等主体积极参与新型电力系统建设。对现有电力系统进行绿色低碳发展适应性评估，在电网架构、电源结构、源网荷储协调、数字化智能化运行控制等方面提升技术和优化系统。加强新型电力系统基础理论研究，推动关键核心技术突破，研究制定新型电力系统相关标准。推动互联网、数字化、智能化技术与电力系统融合发展，推动新技术、新业态、新模式发展，构建智慧能源体系。加强新型电力系统技术体系建设，开展相关技术试点和区域示范。

（十七）完善适应可再生能源局域深度利用和广域输送的电网体系。整体优化输电网络和电力系统运行，提升对可再生能源电力的输送和消纳能力。通过电源配置和运行优化调整尽可能增加存量输电通道输送可再生能源电量，明确最低比重指标并进行考核。统筹布局以送出可再生能源电力为主的大型电力基地，在省级电网及以上范围优化配置调节性资源。完善相关省（自治区、直辖市）政府间协议与电力市场相结合的可再生能源电力输送和消纳协同机制，加强省际、区域间电网互联互通，进一步完善跨省跨区电价形成机制，促进可再生能源在更大范围消纳。大力推进高比例容纳分布式新能源电力的智能配电网建设，鼓励建设源网荷储一体化、多能互补的智慧能源系统和微电网。电网企业应提升新能源电力接纳能力，动态公布经营区域内可接纳新能源电力的容量信息并提供查询服务，依法依规将符合规划和安全生产条件的新能源发电项目和分布式发电项目接入电网，做到应并尽并。

（十八）健全适应新型电力系统的市场机制。建立全国统一电力市场体系，加快电力辅助服务市场建设，推动重点区域电力现货市场试点运行，完善电力中长期、现货和辅助服务交易有机衔接机制，探索容量市场交易机制，深化输配电等重点领域改革，通过市场化方式促进电力绿色低碳发展。完善有利于可再生能源优先利用的电力交易机制，开展绿色电力交易试点，鼓励新能源发电主体与电力用户或售电公司等签订长期购售电协议。支持微电网、分布式电源、储能和负荷聚合商等新兴市场主体独立参与电力交易。积极推进分布式发电市场化交易，支持分布式发电（含电储能、电动车船等）与同一配电网内的电力用户通过电力交易平台就近进行交易，电网企业（含增量配电网企业）提供输电、计量和交易结算等技术支持，完善支持分布式发电市场化交易的价格政策及市场规则。完善支持储能应用的电价政策。

（十九）完善灵活性电源建设和运行机制。全面实施煤电机组灵活性改造，完善煤电机组最小出力技术标准，科学核定煤电机组深度调峰能力；因地制宜建设既满足电力运行调峰需要、又对天然气消费季节差具有调节作用的天然气“双调峰”电站；积极推动流域控制性调节水库建设和常规水电站扩机增容，加快建设抽水蓄能电站，探索中小型抽水蓄能技术应用，推行梯级水电储能；发挥太阳能热发电的调节作用，开展废弃矿井改造储能等新型储能项目研究示范，逐步扩大新型储能应用。全面推进企业自备电厂参与电力系统调节，鼓励工业企业发挥自备电厂调节能力就近利用新能源。完善支持灵活性煤电机组、天然气调峰机组、水电、太阳能热发电和储能等调节性电源运行的价格补偿机制。鼓励新能源发电基地提升自主调节能力，探索一体化参与电力系统运行。完善抽水蓄能、新型储能参与电力市场的机制，更好发挥相关设施调节作用。

（二十）完善电力需求响应机制。推动电力需求响应市场化建设，推动将需求侧可调节资源纳入电力电量平衡，发挥需求侧资源削峰填谷、促进电力供需平衡和适应新能源电力运行的作用。拓宽电力需求响应实施范围，通过多种方式挖掘各类需求侧资源并组织其参与需求响应，支持用户侧储能、电动汽车充电设施、分布式发电等用户侧可调节资源，以及负荷聚合商、虚拟电厂运营商、综合能源服务商等参与电力市场交易和系统运行调节。明确用户侧储能安全发展的标准要求，加强安全监管。加快推进需求响应市场化建设，探索建立以市场为主的需求响应补偿机制。全面调查评价需求响应资源并建立分级分类清单，形成动态的需求响应资源库。

（二十一）探索建立区域综合能源服务机制。探索同一市场主体运营集供电、供热（供冷）、供气为一体的多能互补、多能联供区域综合能源系统，鼓励地方采取招标等竞争性方式选择区域综合能源服务投资经营主体。鼓励增量配电网通过拓展区域内分布式清洁能源、接纳区域外可再生能源等提高清洁能源比重。公共电网企业、燃气供应企业应为综合能源服务运营企业提供可靠能源供应，并做好配套设施运行衔接。鼓励提升智慧能源协同服务水平，强化共性技术的平台化服务及商业模式创新，充分依托已有设施，在确保能源数据信息安全的前提下，加强数据资源开放共享。

六、完善化石能源清洁高效开发利用机制

（二十二）完善煤炭清洁开发利用政策。立足以煤为主的基本国情，按照能源不同发展阶段，发挥好煤炭在能源供应保障中的基础作用。建立煤矿绿色发展长效机制，优化煤炭产能布局，加大煤矿“上大压小、增优汰劣”力度，大力推动煤炭清洁高效利用。制定矿井优化系统支持政策，完善绿色智能煤矿建设标准体系，健全煤矿智能化技术、装备、人才发展支持政策体系。完善煤矸石、矿井水、煤矿井下抽采瓦斯等资源综合利用及矿区生态治理与修复支持政策，加大力度支持煤矿充填开采技术推广应用，鼓励利用废弃矿区开展新能源及储能项目开发建设。依法依规加快办理绿色智能煤矿等优质产能和保供煤矿的环保、用地、核准、采矿等相关手续。科学评估煤炭企业产量减少和关闭退出的影响，研究完善煤炭企业退出和转型发展以及从业人员安置等扶持政策。

（二十三）完善煤电清洁高效转型政策。在电力安全保供的前提下，统筹协调有序控煤减煤，推动煤电向基础保障性和系统调节性电源并重转型。按照电力系统安全稳定运行和保供需要，加强煤电机组与非化石能源发电、天然气发电及储能的整体协同。推进煤电机组节能提效、超低排放升级改造，根据能源发展和安全保供需要合理建设先进煤电机组。充分挖掘现有大型热电联产企业供热潜力，鼓励在合理供热半径内的存量凝汽式煤电机组实施热电联产改造，在允许燃煤供热的区域鼓励建设燃煤背压供热机组，探索开展煤电机组抽汽蓄能改造。有序推动落后煤电机组关停整合，加大燃煤锅炉淘汰力度。原则上不新增企业燃煤自备电厂，推动燃煤自备机组公平承担社会责任，加大燃煤自备机组节能减排力度。支持利用退役火电机组的既有厂址和相关设施建设新型储能设施或改造为同步调相机。完善火电领域二氧化碳捕集利用与封存技术研发和试验示范项目支持政策。

（二十四）完善油气清洁高效利用机制。提升油气田清洁高效开采能力，推动炼化行业转型升级，加大减污降碳协同力度。完善油气与地热能以及风能、太阳能等能源资源协同开发机制，鼓励油气企业利用自有建设用地发展可再生能源和建设分布式能源设施，在油气田区域内建设多能融合的区域供能系统。持续推动油气管网公平开放并完善接入标准，梳理天然气供气环节并减少供气层级，在满足安全和质量标准等前提下，支持生物燃料乙醇、生物柴油、生物天然气等清洁燃料接入油气管网，探索输气管道掺氢输送、纯氢管道输送、液氢运输等高效输氢方式。鼓励传统加油站、加气站建设油气电氢一体化综合交通能源服务站。加强二氧化碳捕集利用与封存技术推广示范，扩大二氧化碳驱油技术应用，探索利用油气开采形成地下空间封存二氧化碳。

七、健全能源绿色低碳转型安全保供体系

（二十五）健全能源预测预警机制。加强全国以及分级分类的能源生产、供应和消费信息系统建设，建立跨部门跨区域能源安全监测预警机制，各省（自治区、直辖市）要建立区域能源综合监测体系，电网、油气管网及重点能源供应企业要完善经营区域能源供应监测平台并及时向主管部门报送相关信息。加强能源预测预警的监测评估能力建设，建立涵盖能源、应急、气象、水利、地质等部门的极端天气联合应对机制，提高预测预判和灾害防御能力。健全能源供应风险应对机制，完善极端情况下能源供应应急预案和应急状态下的协同调控机制。

（二十六）构建电力系统安全运行和综合防御体系。各类发电机组运行要严格遵守《电网调度管理条例》等法律法规和技术规范，建立煤电机组退出审核机制，承担支持电力系统运行和保供任务的煤电机组未经许可不得退出运行，可根据机组性能和电力系统运行需要经评估后转为应急备用机组。建立各级电力规划安全评估制度，健全各类电源并网技术标准，从源头管控安全风险。完善电力电量平衡管理，制定年度电力系统安全保供方案。建立电力企业与燃料供应企业、管输企业的信息共享与应急联动机制，确保极端情况下能源供应。建立重要输电通道跨部门联防联控机制，提升重要输电通道运行安全保障能力。建立完善负荷中心和特大型城市应急安全保障电源体系。完善电力监控系统安全防控体系，加强电力行业关键信息基础设施安全保护。严格落实地方政府、有关电力企业的电力安全生产和供应保障主体责任，统筹协调推进电力应急体系建设，强化新型储能设施等安全事故防范和处置能力，提升本质安全水平。健全电力应急保障体系，完善电力应急制度、标准和预案。

（二十七）健全能源供应保障和储备应急体系。统筹能源绿色低碳转型和能源供应安全保障，提高适应经济社会发展以及各种极端情况的能源供应保障能力，优化能源储备设施布局，完善煤电油气供应保障协调机制。加快形成政府储备、企业社会责任储备和生产经营库存有机结合、互为补充，实物储备、产能储备和其他储备方式相结合的石油储备体系。健全煤炭产品、产能储备和应急储备制度，完善应急调峰产能、可调节库存和重点电厂煤炭储备机制，建立以企业为主体、市场化运作的煤炭应急储备体系。建立健全地方政府、供气企业、管输企业、城镇燃气企业各负其责的多层次天然气储气调峰和应急体系。制定煤制油气技术储备支持政策。完善煤炭、石油、天然气产供储销体系，探索建立氢能产供储销体系。按规划积极推动流域龙头水库电站建设，提升水库储能、运行调节和应急调用能力。

八、建立支撑能源绿色低碳转型的科技创新体系

（二十八）建立清洁低碳能源重大科技协同创新体系。建设并发挥好能源领域国家实验室作用，形成以国家战略科技力量为引领、企业为主体、市场为导向、产学研用深度融合的能源技术创新体系，加快突破一批清洁低碳能源关键技术。支持行业龙头企业联合高等院校、科研院所和行业上下游企业共建国家能源领域研发创新平台，推进各类科技力量资源共享和优化配置。围绕能源领域相关基础零部件及元器件、基础软件、基础材料、基础工艺等关键技术开展联合攻关，实施能源重大科技协同创新研究。加强新型储能相关安全技术研发，完善设备设施、规划布局、设计施工、安全运行等方面技术标准规范。

（二十九）建立清洁低碳能源产业链供应链协同创新机制。推动构建以需求端技术进步为导向，产学研用深度融合、上下游协同、供应链协作的清洁低碳能源技术创新促进机制。依托大型新能源基地等重大能源工程，推进上下游企业协同开展先进技术装备研发、制造和应用，通过工程化集成应用形成先进技术及产业化能力。加快纤维素等非粮生物燃料乙醇、生物航空煤油等先进可再生能源燃料关键技术协同攻关及产业化示范。推动能源电子产业高质量发展，促进信息技术及产品与清洁低碳能源融合创新，加快智能光伏创新升级。依托现有基础完善清洁低碳能源技术创新服务平台，推动研发设计、计量测试、检测认证、知识产权服务等科技服务业与清洁低碳能源产业链深度融合。建立清洁低碳能源技术成果评价、转化和推广机制。

（三十）完善能源绿色低碳转型科技创新激励政策。探索以市场化方式吸引社会资本支持资金投入大、研究难度高的战略性清洁低碳能源技术研发和示范项目。采取“揭榜挂帅”等方式组织重大关键技术攻关，完善支持首台（套）先进重大能源技术装备示范应用的政策，推动能源领域重大技术装备推广应用。强化国有能源企业节能低碳相关考核，推动企业加大能源技术创新投入，推广应用新技术，提升技术水平。

九、建立支撑能源绿色低碳转型的财政金融政策保障机制

（三十一）完善支持能源绿色低碳转型的多元化投融资机制。加大对清洁低碳能源项目、能源供应安全保障项目投融资支持力度。通过中央预算内投资统筹支持能源领域对碳减排贡献度高的项目，将符合条件的重大清洁低碳能源项目纳入地方政府专项债券支持范围。国家绿色发展基金和现有低碳转型相关基金要将清洁低碳能源开发利用、新型电力系统建设、化石能源企业绿色低碳转型等作为重点支持领域。推动清洁低碳能源相关基础设施项目开展市场化投融资，研究将清洁低碳能源项目纳入基础设施领域不动产投资信托基金（REITs）试点范围。中央财政资金进一步向农村能源建设倾斜，利用现有资金渠道支持农村能源供应基础设施建设、北方地区冬季清洁取暖、建筑节能等。

（三十二）完善能源绿色低碳转型的金融支持政策。探索发展清洁低碳能源行业供应链金融。完善清洁低碳能源行业企业贷款审批流程和评级方法，充分考虑相关产业链长期成长性及对碳达峰、碳中和的贡献。创新适应清洁低碳能源特点的绿色金融产品，鼓励符合条件的企业发行碳中和债等绿色债券，引导金融机构加大对具有显著碳减排效益项目的支持；鼓励发行可持续发展挂钩债券等，支持化石能源企业绿色低碳转型。探索推进能源基础信息应用，为金融支持能源绿色低碳转型提供信息服务支撑。鼓励能源企业践行绿色发展理念，充分披露碳排放相关信息。

十、促进能源绿色低碳转型国际合作

（三十三）促进“一带一路”绿色能源合作。鼓励金融产品和服务创新，支持“一带一路”清洁低碳能源开发利用。推进“一带一路”绿色能源务实合作，探索建立清洁低碳能源产业链上下游企业协同发展合作机制。引导企业开展清洁低碳能源领域对外投资，在相关项目开展中注重资源节约、环境保护和安全生产。推动建设能源合作最佳实践项目。依法依规管理碳排放强度高的产品生产、流通和出口。

（三十四）积极推动全球能源治理中绿色低碳转型发展合作。建设和运营好“一带一路”能源合作伙伴关系和国际能源变革论坛等，力争在全球绿色低碳转型进程中发挥更好作用。依托中国—阿盟、中国—非盟、中国—东盟、中国—中东欧、亚太经合组织（APEC）可持续能源中心等合作平台，持续支持可再生能源、电力、核电、氢能等清洁低碳能源相关技术人才合作培养，开展能力建设、政策、规划、标准对接和人才交流。提升与国际能源署（IEA）、国际可再生能源署（IRENA）等国际组织的合作水平，积极参与并引导在联合国、二十国集团（G20）、APEC、金砖国家、上合组织等多边框架下的能源绿色低碳转型合作。

（三十五）充分利用国际要素助力国内能源绿色低碳发展。落实鼓励外商投资产业目录，完善相关支持政策，吸引和引导外资投入清洁低碳能源产业领域。完善鼓励外资融入我国清洁低碳能源产业创新体系的激励机制，严格知识产权保护。加强绿色电力认证国际合作，倡议建立国际绿色电力证书体系，积极引导和参与绿色电力证书核发、计量、交易等国际标准研究制定。推动建立中欧能源技术创新合作平台等清洁低碳能源技术创新国际合作平台，支持跨国企业在华设立清洁低碳能源技术联合研发中心，促进清洁低碳、脱碳无碳领域联合攻关创新与示范应用。

十一、完善能源绿色低碳发展相关治理机制

（三十六）健全能源法律和标准体系。加强能源绿色低碳发展法制建设，修订和完善能源领域法律制度，健全适应碳达峰碳中和工作需要的能源法律制度体系。增强相关法律法规的针对性和有效性，全面清理现行能源领域法律法规中与碳达峰碳中和工作要求不相适应的内容。健全清洁低碳能源相关标准体系，加快研究和制修订清洁高效火电、可再生能源发电、核电、储能、氢能、清洁能源供热以及新型电力系统等领域技术标准和安全标准。推动太阳能发电、风电等领域标准国际化。鼓励各地区和行业协会、企业等依法制定更加严格的地方标准、行业标准和企业标准。制定能源领域绿色低碳产业指导目录，建立和完善能源绿色低碳转型相关技术标准及相应的碳排放量、碳减排量等核算标准。

（三十七）深化能源领域“放管服”改革。持续推动简政放权，继续下放或取消非必要行政许可事项，进一步优化能源领域营商环境，增强市场主体创新活力。破除制约市场竞争的各类障碍和隐性壁垒，落实市场准入负面清单制度，支持各类市场主体依法平等进入负面清单以外的能源领域。优化清洁低碳能源项目核准和备案流程，简化分布式能源投资项目管理程序。创新综合能源服务项目建设管理机制，鼓励各地区依托全国投资项目在线审批监管平台建立综合能源服务项目多部门联审机制，实行一窗受理、并联审批。

（三十八）加强能源领域监管。加强对能源绿色低碳发展相关能源市场交易、清洁低碳能源利用等监管，维护公平公正的能源市场秩序。稳步推进能源领域自然垄断行业改革，加强对有关企业在规划落实、公平开放、运行调度、服务价格、社会责任等方面的监管。健全对电网、油气管网等自然垄断环节企业的考核机制，重点考核有关企业履行能源供应保障、科技创新、生态环保等职责情况。创新对综合能源服务、新型储能、智慧能源等新产业新业态监管方式。

国家发展改革委

国家能源局

2022年1月30日